MichAel Doyle - Immanuel KANT: "Democratic Caution"
In Liberalism and World Politics, Michael Doyle traces three strains of liberal intellectual tradition (Michael Doyle, “Liberalism and World Politics”. American Political Science Review; vol. 80 no. 4, December 1986. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1960861 (accessed 2/26/2014). The third, and most important, comes from Immanuel Kant. Doyle uses Kant's Triad to describe a middle ground, "Liberal Internationalism" between Schumpeter's Liberalism and Machiavelli's Liberalism. Liberal states are pacified (like they are in the writings of Schumpeter) when they interact with each other. Liberal states are aggressive (like they are in the writings of Machiavelli) when they interact with illiberal states. In general, liberal states are not aggressive or pacifist all the time, but have a "democratic caution" that comes into play only between liberal states. (Doyle, pg 1155-1161).
Democratic Caution In Action